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Rust (Puccinia Pelargonium zonalis)

Rust is a fungal disease of zonal geranium leaves, caused by the fungus Puccinia Pelargonium-zonalis, does not attack other species, even the Parisians.
born in southern Africa but has spread throughout most of the world, arrived in Italy in 1966. The infection affects 99% of the leaves, petioles rarely, never the roots and stem.
Rust requires moist conditions to germinate and infect, the disease is often most severe during the colder months but can be very damaging during wet summers. The spores of the fungus are spread by wind, splashing water on the leaves and through the cuts. Unfortunately, the disease may have a long latency period, the fungus can be present in the leaves for about two weeks before the onset of symptoms and can infect others during this time zonal pelargonium. On the upper surface of the leaf form of chlorotic spots 5-8 mm in size, corresponding to them appear small pustules on the underside that release a bright orange powder, often rust spores gather in concentric rings. In severe attacks, the spores can also appear on the upper surface of the leaves that turn yellow and fall, weakening the plant.
Infection contrasts cutting and removing the affected leaves, avoiding wetting the evening to not allow the leaves to remain wet for a long time and facilitate the spread of spores and spraying Bordeaux mixture-based products (symptoms) Bitertonol ( Baycor) penconazole (Topas systemic product).

pustules on the underside