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What Happened To Fieldcrest Towels

Cacyreus marshalli

Cacyreus marshalli (Lycaenidae-Polyommatinae) moth from the south-east Africa

It 's a butterfly bronze, the male on the edge of the wings a pat white while the female is more varied. Its activity is diurnal. The egg white, round and flat are laid on buds, the sepals, stems and sometimes on the leaves of pelargonium particularly zonal and ivy. The larvae of the green caterpillars penetrate into the stalk of the plant starting from the leaves or vegetative apex, where they dig tunnels, until the keg is emptied maturity of the larva which then comes out a hole similar to the worm. The larvae feed on tender shoots, to form the chrysalis hanging from the leaves, the butterfly is born and the cycle begins again (The average duration of the complete cycle is 62 days at 20 ° C and 33 days at 30 ° C then 5 or 6 generations per year). The moth also tolerate low temperatures and winter at our latitude only slows down the activity. The plant begins to wither away, losing the flowers and the leaves turn yellow, the larva empty drums that blacken bringing the plant to death. Unfortunately, this moth is not yet well known and the attack is often confused with that of other parasitic pests or fungal pathogens (Il fusto annerito, può essere scambiato, per tracheomicosi) La cacyreus marshalli colpisce i pelargoni zonali e gli edera perché la larva ha bisogno di piante con fusto carnoso e succulento, per introdursi ed alimentarsi, più resistenti sono gli odorosi che hanno fusto legnoso.

Controllo
Poiché questo lepidottero non ha nemici naturali fino a qualche anno fa le piante venivano distrutte anche perché questo parassita è vettore di diffusione di batteri e funghi come la Xanthomonas c . pelargonii. Oggi il controllo può essere eseguito con metodi biologici basati su insetticidi naturali come l'olio di neem, questi per essere efficace deve essere irrorato frequentemente e il Bacillus thuringiensis. Il controllo chimico and budget is the most decisive and is based on the use of neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid) Provadia easy tablets (Thiamethoxam) Actar Axoris and tablets that act on the nervous system of insects, preventing their development and feeding, the systemic action acting on eggs, larvae and adults.

The following photos will help you learn the most dangerous enemy of pelargonium.

Male

Female

The eggs are laid on the bracts and sepals geranium.

The various stages of larva

Pupa

The first two days of becoming a chrysalis into a butterfly

Here are the photos that show the damage on the plant.

Piera

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Rust (Puccinia Pelargonium zonalis)

Rust is a fungal disease of zonal geranium leaves, caused by the fungus Puccinia Pelargonium-zonalis, does not attack other species, even the Parisians.
born in southern Africa but has spread throughout most of the world, arrived in Italy in 1966. The infection affects 99% of the leaves, petioles rarely, never the roots and stem.
Rust requires moist conditions to germinate and infect, the disease is often most severe during the colder months but can be very damaging during wet summers. The spores of the fungus are spread by wind, splashing water on the leaves and through the cuts. Unfortunately, the disease may have a long latency period, the fungus can be present in the leaves for about two weeks before the onset of symptoms and can infect others during this time zonal pelargonium. On the upper surface of the leaf form of chlorotic spots 5-8 mm in size, corresponding to them appear small pustules on the underside that release a bright orange powder, often rust spores gather in concentric rings. In severe attacks, the spores can also appear on the upper surface of the leaves that turn yellow and fall, weakening the plant.
Infection contrasts cutting and removing the affected leaves, avoiding wetting the evening to not allow the leaves to remain wet for a long time and facilitate the spread of spores and spraying Bordeaux mixture-based products (symptoms) Bitertonol ( Baycor) penconazole (Topas systemic product).

pustules on the underside

 

Macchie clorotiche sulla pagina superiore

Negli attacchi gravi le spore possono comparire anche sulla pagina su-

periore della foglia.

Macchie clorotiche (YL) piccole pustole (SL)

Jan 2010 Jenesis Coupe

Lucignano Tuscany: more initiatives to promote "organic style"

Continue the promotion of organic and biodynamic by the group Free Tuscany, with another initiative interesting related to bio tarot oranges. Friday 5, Saturday 6 and Sunday, Feb. 7 match and you can taste the sweet and sour Sicilian tarot of organic oranges with other organic products in the provinces of Siena, Arezzo and Grosseto. All participants will be offered a cup of delicious coffee organic organic grain. " As well as the trio will then be brought on flat bread made with biodynamic and organic flours, natural leavening km zero .... everything is made possible by the open and inclusive vision that Tuscany has Free economic solidarity. The President Fabrizio Pierini said: "with the project Bio Cafe are taking up new avenues of approach between solidarity producers and consumers organized a group purchase, so not just a food choice, but a lifestyle that we have called "organic style".